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    • 专利摘要:
    Method of heat treatment of bee colonies for killing the bee parasites (20) in the interior (11) of the article (1) by converting the short-wave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave thermal radiation, the basis of the invention being that effectively increasing the temperature to a value of more than 40 ° C using the secondary thermal energy (93) and / or primary thermal energy (91), wherein the sunrays (10) or generated radiation (60) penetrate through the thermosolar wall (3) to the active surface (361) of the photoabsorption element (36) the transparent window (5) enter the interior space (11) of the attachment (1) where it falls onto an active photoabsorption layer (72) of the thermosolar frame (7). The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the heat treatment of the bee colonies.
    公开号:AT513525A2
    申请号:T50752/2013
    申请日:2013-11-12
    公开日:2014-05-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Linhart Roman；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1
    The invention relates to the field of beekeeping, so in particular the breeding of bee colonies of the genus Apis, and relates to the method of heat treatment of the bee colonies in the prey, in which by means of controlling the heat regime in the interior of the prey the expressions of life of the bee colony are positively influenced. This allows early development of bee colonies in spring and helps to reduce the number of populations of unwanted species of organisms, including the mite Varroa destructor.
    Current state of the art
    The bee Apis mellifica, or honey bee, is damaged by the highly invasive parasite Varroa destructor. It is parasitic mite, which originates from Asia. The Eastern Honeybee Apis cerana possesses, thanks to long-term co-development with this mite, control mechanisms that reduce the mite population to a level that does not destroy the bee colony. However, the honey bee has no natural protection against the newly introduced mite. Currently, the Varroa mite is a serious and difficult to solve problem in breeding the honey bee dar. The Varroose threatens the bee colonies globally, only to Australia has not been introduced. Varroose is therefore regarded as the globally most prevalent and most serious disease of bee brood and adult bees. All development stages of Varroa feed on hemolymph, that is, on the blood of bees and bee brood. As a result, the body of the host is brought to vital nutrients, and in addition, the loss of hemolymph occurs as a result of numerous injuries of the skin. Varroa also transmits many serious viral bee infections, and without treatment and human help, infestation kills the affected colonies within two to three years of colonization. The weakening of the bee colonies causes their death during the winter and leads to the heavier course of a whole host of other bee diseases. The development cycle of Varroa destructor in honey bees is on hatched brood of workers and drones. Immediately before 2/24 2
    Covering, the fertilized female passes from adult bees to brood. After capping she lays on Präpuppa most often 2-5 eggs. From the egg hatches a six-legged larva, further stages of development are Protonymphe and Deuteronymphe. Sexually mature males develop within seven days and females within nine days. The males die after mating, still in the honeycomb, and fertilized females cling to a young bee, which closes their development. Together with her, they leave the cell. On a worker or on a drone, the females live for several days (2-60), before they, saturated, return to the cells and start laying eggs. It is characteristic of drones to invade foreign prey and that is why they become the main vectors of this parasite. The workers also transfer the Varroa to the surrounding bee colonies when flying or robbing them.
    To reduce the number of mite Varroa populations in bee colonies, a number of different methods and procedures are currently used. The first method is chemical treatment with artificial substances. So with substances that are not produced in nature and produced by manufacturers of chemicals. These are, for example, fumigative acaricides and contact acaricides. The disadvantage of the chemical treatment is the fact that in bee products, such as in honey and wax, these toxic to humans are accumulated. Toxic residues reduce the market value of these commodities, especially when compared to the same organic products. In the meantime, unwanted resistance to some active substances has developed in these mites.
    The second method for the treatment of varroosis is the use of so-called soft chemistry. It's about treatment with chemicals that occur in nature. These are, for example, preparations which contain formic acid, essential oils, lactic acid, alcohol or even traps with aromatic substances, so-called pheromones. The disadvantage of using these preparations are possible residuals, so 3/24 3 remains of persistent, more or less toxic substances. The next disadvantage of this method is the fact that preparations based on organic acids damage the development of the brood and shorten the life of the adult bees. When used, problems arise with their low or short term effectiveness. These substances do not sufficiently affect the stages of development of the mite, which are hidden under the wax lids of the cells. Also widely used is the additional application of synthetic substances in the form of smoke, aerosol, introduction of long-lasting efficacy strips, spring spawning, etc. These chemical control methods compensate for the often inadequate effectiveness of the base materials soft chemistry.
    Other ways of reducing the number of mite populations are biotechnical methods where no chemical agents are used at all. As a
    Example of the biotechnological process, the method of using the drone brood combs may be mentioned as attractant for mite females. However, this method can only be used effectively during a certain season, usually from April to July, when the drone honeycomb is present. The problem with this method is the relatively high workload and the need to meet exact deadlines for cutting and eliminating infected by parasites drone brood. In addition, according to some studies, cutting the drone honeycomb reduces the amount of honey by up to 30% and also supports the swarm inclination of the bees.
    Biophysical methods are also used to reduce or destroy the mites in the bee colony. This category also includes the method of heat treatment of bee colonies. It is well known that even a relatively small increase in temperature above the normal gross temperature, which ranges from 33 to 36 ° C, damages the mites, or even causes their death. The Indian honeybee, as the original host species of the Varroa mite, also warms its worker brood more than the drone brood. For this reason, the mites in this Asian species are only at the stages of development of the drones. As they do not infect the workers, the mites do not compromise the viability of the community as a whole.
    Method of heat treatment of bee colonies against Varroa destructor has not been developed anywhere in the world so far that it could be used on a larger scale in normal beekeeping operations. The heat treatment of the bee colonies is counted by a part of the specialist public to alternative treatment methods, which are completely ineffective, or not applicable in practice for whole bee colonies. The publication Varroose (Dr. Friedrich Pohl, Verlag VIKEND 2008, page 55) describes a method of heat treatment of honeycombs without bees. Under research conditions, ie not under operating conditions, the brood combs without bees in the heat box are warmed up for a certain period of time so that the mites, but not bee brood, die off. This technique of heat treatment is only suitable for scientific studies, because the temperature differences are very small and the consequences for the bees are not known for the time being.
    From the point of view of the application of the heat effect to entire bee colonies, two methods can be distinguished. The first method consists in heating the prey environment for several hours to a lower temperature, 40 to 42 ° C, and places high demands on technical equipment and time. The bees are trapped in the prey during the treatment that is intended to kill the mites, and the flight hole is either completely closed or at least significantly narrowed. Therefore, during the several hours of warming, oxygen must be supplied to the trapped bees in such a way that the prey is not cooled down. In addition, without loss of heat and the produced carbon dioxide must be derived. The temperature must be carefully controlled so that it does not exceed the dangerous limit, which would result in the killing of the trapped bee colony. Adult bees can tolerate only lower temperatures than the treated brood. This 5/24 5 requires the mandatory use of precise, thermostatically controlled control mechanisms. The beekeeper must be present and monitor or directly control the functions of all mechanisms that support the life of the enclosed bee colonies. In order for the warm air from the heat source to reach the entire interior of the prey, it may be necessary to increase the spacing of the honeycombs and apply a forced circulation system to the warm air in the prey, for example fans. This not only requires further technical aids, but also makes the disassembly of individual prey mandatory. Any method that consists in dissecting the individual bee colonies and long-term warming up of each individual prey using artificial heat sources is therefore expensive, technically demanding and not applicable on a larger scale.
    The second method of the heat application research application is to heat the interior of the treated prey to a temperature of more than 50 ° C for a few minutes, but in a short time. Prolonged application of this high temperature would kill the bees. The disadvantage of this method is the fact that the heat can not reach the mites on the brood, because within a few minutes the interior of the honeycomb can not be sufficiently warmed through. In this area, the mites can survive in their various stages of development, are killed only the mites, which are in due course on the individual bees. However, about 80% of all mites that are within the prey are hidden on the brood under the cover of the wax cover. For this reason, this method can not be effective in practice because the majority of parasites are not eliminated. This method is also associated with risk. Exposing the bee colony as a whole to the high temperature for even a few minutes over the optimal time may damage the development of the bee brood or even the death of older bees. This could ultimately have worse consequences for the bee colony than the damage caused by the mite itself. 6/24 6
    At present, various devices for heat treatment of bees against varroosis are known. For example, in the patent CZ 235489 a solution is described in which at the bottom of the chamber, a heat exchanger is placed and in the upper area adjustable openings are attached, through which warm air is discharged from the chamber. Furthermore, the solution described in WO2012108857 A1 is known, where in the interior of the prey, above the brood chamber, a comb body is connected via cables to a power source, which in combination with radiator, electronic control unit, heat sensor and with adjustable diagnostic System makes possible a reduction and control of varroosis in the bee colony. In the patent GR1005196 B2 a method and the corresponding device are provided, which are intended for the heat treatment of the bee colony. The method itself is that the bees are exposed in the prey for 12 minutes at a temperature of 40 °, via a turbine, a stream of warm air is generated, which is led by pipeline to the prey ground. Then the hot air is sucked back in by the turbine, creating a closed cycle of hot air in the prey.
    The problem with most of the solutions published so far is limited possibilities for their practical application. The heat treatment is usually not applied to the entire bee colony, but many systems work on the principle of heat treatment of honeycombless, honeycombless bees and the like, which is very laborious and practically inapplicable because the beekeeper uses hundreds or thousands of Treat bee colonies. In order to achieve the effect of killing the mites by heat treatment, complicated and therefore expensive devices dependent on external sources of electrical energy are used in their construction. These systems contain moving and therefore also fault-prone components which are subject to wear during use. This in itself complicates their use in beekeeping practice. 7/24 7
    Also known are technical solutions and methods that can be applied to whole bee colonies. For example, in the magazine Vcelarstvi 7/2012, page 231 describes a device for killing the mites, which assumes that the mite dies at the temperature of 40 ° C, but the bee in the short term at 50 to 55 ° C. can survive. The disadvantage of this solution is in addition to a high workload and low effectiveness and the fact that the entire bee colony placed in thermostatically-equipped thermo-boxes and treated using the same controlled temperature, adult bees tolerated increased temperature significantly worse than young bees, larvae and dolls. So if we lock the entire bee colony in the prey and warm the prey intensively, the dying of older bees threatens. It even threatens the suffocation of the whole bee colony, as far as the supply of oxygen and discharge of carbon dioxide is not secured by a complex technical solution. All of this must be done without heat loss, which would reduce the effect of heating. Devices that would be able to safely treat whole bee colonies using the precisely controlled temperature without causing the bees to die are therefore very costly.
    The prey colony itself has to maintain a temperature of at least 33 ° C during brood rearing, at the expense of the metabolic combustion of the glycide stores, ie honey and sugar. The temperature is of fundamental importance for the development of bee colonies in spring. For example, it is known that the bee colonies in the intravillans of the cities develop a few weeks earlier than the bee colonies in the open countryside. The reason: the urban climate is 2-3 ° C warmer than the climate in open countryside. Conventional prey are equipped with no device that would allow for the generation of heat energy in support of earlier, accelerated development of bee colonies in the spring. They usually also have no device that would provide the bees with the important water in the early spring time. For this reason, the bees get the water from the outside and freeze at the potions. As a result of these unfavorable circumstances, the honey yield from early flowering crops decreases and also the flight activity and pollination performance of the bee colonies are not optimal.
    From the patent US 4494528 A a method of heat treatment of the bee colonies is known, which uses the solar energy. The movable solar collector can be set in two positions, in the first position it is above the prey and in the second position it is directed to the sun. In this position, the warming of the prey is done by solar energy, wherein cold air from the inner region of the prey is sucked into a pipe system in which it is heated by means of collector and subsequently passed back into the prey. The disadvantage of this solution is that to start and stop the heating, the adjustment of the solar collector must be performed, which is laborious and time consuming.
    The aim of the present invention is the introduction of a new method for heat treatment of bee colonies, which reduces the number of populations of the mite Varroa destructor, without chemical treatment. The second positive effect is an improvement in the heat distribution of bee colonies and their better development in spring. The invention significantly reduces the incidence of Varroa pa rasites at all stages of development, but does not attempt to achieve 100% efficacy at the first treatment. A complete kill of the parasites can be achieved by repeated application of the heat treatment within one year. Since not the entire bee colony is treated simultaneously and once, it is not necessary to lock up adult bees, which are more sensitive to high temperature in the prey. Therefore, older bees are not threatened by death due to high temperature in the course of treatment. The use of expensive systems for temperature control is unnecessary. The fact that adult bees can leave the hazardous area with higher temperatures, the different sensitivity of the different old individuals against elevated temperature is respected. The temperature-resistant bee brood survives the treatment without any negative consequences. However, it is completely released from parasitic mites that reproduce on it. The useful life of the heat treatment systems is at least as long as the life of the hive, ie several decades.
    Basis of the invention
    The objective is achieved to a great extent by the invention, the method for heat treatment of bee colonies for the purpose of killing the bee parasites in the interior of the attachment by converting the short-wave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave thermal radiation, the basis of the invention being that the effective increase the temperature is brought to more than 40 ° C by means of secondary heat energy and / or primary heat energy, wherein sun rays or generated radiation through the thermosolar wall to the active surface of the photoabsorption element and / or penetrate through the transparent window in the interior of the essay, where they fall on the active photoabsorption layer of the thermosolar frame.
    It is advantageous if primary heat energy in the interior of the essay first ascending along the thermosolar Rähhmchens up to the height of the ceiling of the essay or the Thermo-So larlar or the lid flows, and then horizontally passed on to the essay, where it heats the brood ,
    Further, it is advantageous if thermosolar frames by means of thermal insulation layer metabolic heat, which is emitted from the breeding body, reflected back into the interior of the essay.
    It is also advantageous if secondary heat energy is emitted via radiating surface of the photoabsorption element into the interior of the attachment, where it heats the brood body and if secondary heat energy, which from the active 10/24 10
    Surface of the photoabsorption element is released, is passed from the outer element upwards and / or from the thermal insulation film back to the photoabsorption element, whereby in the thermosolar wall of the greenhouse effect arises.
    It is also advantageous if primary heat energy and secondary heat energy act simultaneously and together, whereby the temperature in the entire interior of the tower rises and the brooder is heated.
    Further, a basis of the invention in the apparatus for performing the heat treatment of the bee colonies for the purpose of killing the bee parasites in the interior of the essay by converting the short-wave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave heat radiation, where the essay for the formation of the primary heat energy or the secondary heat energy or purpose the simultaneous formation of both the primary heat energy and the secondary heat energy is provided with either thermosolar wall, with a photo-absorbing element, which has an active surface and a radiating surface, or with a laterally inserted transparent window, wherein in the interior of the essay itself a thermo-solar frame provided with an active photoabsorption layer facing the window, or the top is simultaneously equipped with a thermosolar wall, with a photoabsorption element having an a ktive surface and has a radiating surface, and with a laterally arranged transparent window, wherein in the interior of the essay a thermosolar frames is used, which is provided with a window located to the active photoabsorption layer.
    In an advantageous embodiment, the window consists of transparent outer element and / or an inner element, wherein on the transparent inner element of the window, a channel for collecting the condensing liquid is attached.
    In an optimal case, the thermosolar frame in the interior of the attachment is guided in parallel with its front wall, and 11/24 11 so that between the thermosolar frames and the inner part of the window, a front chamber of the rising stream of warm air is formed, and at the same time There is a free space above the upper forehead and lower forehead of the thermosolar cage.
    In an optimal embodiment, the thermo-solar wall consists of a frame which is inserted into the attachment from the side and / or as a ceiling part and contains a transparent inner element, which bears against the photoabsorption element, and / or a transparent outer element, wherein between the outer element and the Photoabsorption element is formed a closed space.
    It is also advantageous if a transparent heat-insulating film is placed in the closed space of the thermal solar wall to reinforce the greenhouse effect.
    Thanks to the invention presented here a better effect is achieved, namely by using the method presented, the heat treatment of the bee colonies and the device for controlling the heat regimen in the hive effective reduction of the parasites, such a method of heat treatment of the bee colony is used, which respects different heat sensitivity of different old bees and uses the ability to use thermal energy of solar radiation of another source of heat radiation. The treatment of the bee colony itself is not time-consuming, the manufacturing and operating costs are very low and you can also use the device in the already used loot systems.
    Description of the figures in enclosed drawings
    Concrete examples of the invention embodiments are schematically illustrated in attached drawings, wherein:
    Fig. 1 shows the schematic lateral section through apparatus for heat treatment of the bee colony, 12/24 12
    Fig. 2 shows the scheme of heat treatment of the bee colony in the developmental regime in spring,
    Fig. 3 shows the scheme of heat treatment of the bee colony against varroose in the summer regime,
    Fig. 4 shows the schematic lateral section through a prey with heat treatment of the bee colony using an external thermo-energetic source,
    Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show schematic lateral sections through the device in alternative embodiments.
    Drawings showing the present invention, and described examples of specific embodiments in no case limit the scope of the property rights specified in the definition, they serve only to illustrate the basis of the invention.
    Embodiments of the invention
    Apparatus for carrying out the heat treatment of the bee colonies, shown in Fig. 1, consists of a frame attachment 1, which is placed on the bottom of beewod 2, wherein at the top of the attachment 1, the thermosolar wall 3 is applied, carried out as a ceiling, via which a removable lid 4 is placed. The attachment 1 is provided from the side of the front wall 12 with the pilot hole 121, located at the bottom of the boot 2, and at the side it has the opening 13, in which the window 5 is inserted. The window 5 consists of transparent outer and inner parts 51, 52, which are made for example of glass panes, with a channel 6 is fixed to the transparent inner part 52 of the window 5 in its lower region. In the interior 11 of the attachment 1 is the brooding body 8, between it and the front wall 12 of the attachment 1 is a thermosolar Rähmchen 7, consisting of inner heat insulating layer 71, which is oriented to the broiler 8, and outer active Fotoab 13/24 13 sorptionschicht 72nd , which is oriented to the window 5. Thermosolar frame 7 is guided in the interior 11 of the attachment 1 in parallel with its front wall 12, in such a way that between the thermosolar frame 7 and the inner part 52 of the window 5 the forward chamber 111 is formed for the rising stream of warm air, and simultaneously is located above the upper end wall 73 and the lower end wall 74 of the thermosolar Rähmchens 7 a free space. The thermo-solar wall 3 consists of the frame 31, which is shaped so that it abuts on the upper portion of the attachment 1. In the frame 31 are used, for example, glued, transparent interior and exterior elements 32, 33, which consist of completely transparent glass sheets or glass etchings. Between the inner element 32 and outer element 33, a closed intermediate space 34 is formed, in which transparent heat-insulating film 35 is placed to enhance the greenhouse effect. Below the inner element 32 is a photoabsorption element 36, made of sheet metal, for example, which firstly has an active surface 361 which absorbs short-wave electromagnetic radiation, and secondly has a radiating surface 362 which emits long-wave thermal radiation.
    Fig. 2 shows the process of the solar method of heat treatment of bee colonies in the developmental regime in spring. Short-wave electromagnetic radiation in the form of solar rays 10 penetrates through the transparent elements, the outer and inner parts 51, 52 of the window 5 and falls on the active photoabsorption layer 72 of the thermosolar Rähmchens 7, it comes to the conversion of short-wave light radiation into long-wave heat radiation. Primary heat energy 91, which is generated on the active photoabsorption layer 72 of the thermosolar Rähmchens 7, flows in the interior 11 of the attachment 1 first ascending through the anterior chamber 111 along the thermosolar Rähmchens 7 to the level of the ceiling of the frame article 1, which as Ther-mosolarwand is executed. Then, primary thermal energy 91 under the thermosolar wall 3 is led horizontally further into the attachment 1 via the incubator 8, which is warmed up by it. Metabolic heat 92, which is emitted from the brooding body 8, is held by the heat insulating layer 71 of the thermosolar 14/24 14 Rähmchens 7 in the interior 11 of the attachment 1. With decreasing temperature, especially during the night, the transparent inner element 52 of the window 5 cools down and the humidity condenses on it in the form of water droplets. This water drips by gravity into the channel 6, where it is collected. This liquid can drink the bees in the morning and they do not have to leave the prey to get the necessary water.
    Fig. 3 shows the course of the solar method of heat treatment of bee colonies against varroosis in the summer regime. In the basic position is located above the thermosolar wall 3 constructed ceiling of the heat-insulating removable cover 4 and the effect of solar radiation from above is not active. After removing the lid 4, the sun's rays 10 penetrate through the thermosolar wall 3 through the transparent outer member 33, translucent thermal insulation film 35 and the transparent inner member 32 and fall on the photoabsorption element 36, where on the active surface 361 by converting the short-wave electromagnetic radiation from the sun's rays 10th secondary heat energy 93 is generated. In the closed space 34, the effect of the transparent inner member 32, the transparent outer member 33, and the translucent thermal insulation sheet 35 creates a greenhouse effect, with the secondary heat energy 93 released from the active surface 361 of the photoabsorption member 36 being returned from the outer member 33 is reflected to the photoabsorption element 36. The secondary thermal energy 93 accumulated in the thermosolar wall 3 is radiated by the emitting surface 362 of the photoabsorption element 36 into the interior 11 of the attachment 1. The temperature in the interior 11 of the attachment 1 is further influenced by the primary heat energy 91, which arises in the form of the warm air flow on the active photoabsorption layer 72 of the thermosolar Rähmchens 7. This results in an active interaction of the two heat energies 91, 93 and the temperature in the entire interior 11 of the attachment 1 rises to more than 40 ° C. As a result of this temperature rise, the brood body 8, in whose interior living parasites 20 are located, is warmed through. These parasites are increased by 15/24 15
    Temperature killed and they fall down on the bottom of the boot 2. Adult bees 30, for which the heating could be dangerous, pull themselves in front of the heat that is too high for them into lower areas of the interior 11 of the attachment 1, or they collect at the flight hole 121 of the attachment 1 or they escape to the outside. The heat treatment is completed by placing the lid 4 on the thermosolar 3 wall. The bees 30 spontaneously return to the brood body 8 after the temperature has automatically dropped, and the normal state is restored as it was before the heat treatment.
    The heat treatment of the beehive in the interior of the prey is either by primary heat energy 91, which arises on the active photoabsorption layer 72 of the thermosolar Rähmchens 7, or by secondary heat energy 93, which is emitted from the thermosolar wall 3, or with the cooperation of the primary heat energy 91 and secondary heat energy 93 performed. The heat energies 91, 93 make it possible to reach a temperature of more than 40 ° C. in the entire inner area 11 of the attachment 1, which leads to the death of the bee parasites 20. With regard to the health of the bees and their brood, the length of exposure to the heat treatment depends on the distance between the prey soil 2 and the thermosolar wall 3, on the temperature of the prey environment, solar radiation intensity and also on the heat-insulating properties of the entire prey system ,
    If the prey is completely sealed, the distance of the farthest point of the broodstock 8 from the thermosolar wall 3 does not exceed 36 cm, the ambient temperature is between 28 and 33 ° C, the cloud cover of the sky is less than 20%, the prey ground 2 is gapless , Pilot hole 121 of the article 1 is open at a height of 1 cm and in the farthest point of the brood 8 a temperature of at least 40 ° C is reached, the duration of the heat exposure of the interior 11 of the article 1 is set to two hours. However, the optimal conditions of heat treatment of bee colonies described here are not universally valid and the effect is also influenced by other factors, for example by the applied 16/24 16
    Loot system or other, not mentioned here natural conditions. The duration of the heat exposure in the interior 11 of the attachment 1 is therefore variable.
    The method described here of heat treatment of the bee colonies and the apparatus for performing this method are not the only possible embodiment of the invention, since primary heat energy 91 or secondary heat energy 93 can be obtained by heat radiation from other than solar source. For example, by means of thermo-energetic component 40 with the source of the generated radiation 60 in the form of hot air or electrical resistance or an incandescent lamp or hot liquid or flame or heat accumulator, the attachment 1 need not be equipped with a window 5 as it is in Fig. 4 is shown. Secondary heat energy 93 can not only be obtained from the thermosolar wall 3, designed as a ceiling part, but its source can also be installed laterally in the attachment 1, as shown in Fig. 5. In an alternative embodiment, the thermosolar wall 3 may contain only outer element 33, designed as a completely transparent glass pane, and photoabsorption element 36, adapted for converting the short-wave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave thermal radiation. Further, the device, which is intended in particular for the treatment of the bee colony during the developmental regime in spring, contain only a transparent window 5 in the article 1, wherein in the interior 11 of the article 1, a thermosolar SÄhnchen 7 is used, which with the window 5 located active photoabsorption layer 72, as can be seen in FIG. The device may contain one or more attachments 1 below the brooding body 8.
    Vienna, November 12, 2013 17/24
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    Dr. Müllner Dipl.-Ing. Katschinka OG, Patent Attorney Office Weihburggasse 9, Postfach 159, A-1014 WIEN, Austria Phone: C +43 (1) 512 24 81 / Fax: a + 43 (1) 513 76 81 / E-Mail: @ repatent@aon.at Account (PSK): 1480 708 BLZ 60000 BIC: OPSKATWW IBAN: AT19 6000 0000 0148 07081 480 708 16/0/46012 Roman Linhart Hermanüv Mestec 53803 (CZ) Claims: 1. Method of heat treatment of bee colonies for the destruction of bee parasites (20) in the interior (11) of the attachment (1) by converting the short-wave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave thermal radiation, which is characterized in that the effective increase in temperature to more than 40 ° C by means of secondary heat energy (93) and / or primary heat energy (91 ), wherein the sunrays (10) or generated radiation (60) pass through the thermosolar wall (3) to the active surface (361) of the photoabsorption element (36) and / or through the transparent window (5) into the interior space (11) of the essay (1) penetrate where they fall on the active photoabsorption layer (72) of the thermosolar frame (7).
    [2]
    2. A method for heat treatment of the bee colonies according to claim 1, which is characterized in that primary heat energy (91) in the interior (11) of the attachment (1) first along the thermosolar Rähmchens (7) rises up to the height of the ceiling of the essay ( 1), or the thermo-so-larwand (3), or the lid (4), and then it is forwarded horizontally to the attachment (1), where it warms the brooder (8).
    [3]
    3. A method for heat treatment of the bee colonies according to claims 1 and 2, which is characterized in that the thermosolar Rähmchen (7) by means of heat insulating layer (71) metabolic heat (92), which is emitted from the brooding body (8), back into the interior (11) of the article (1). 18/24 2
    [4]
    4. Method for heat treatment of bee colonies according to one of claims 1 and 3, which is characterized in that secondary heat energy (93) via radiating surface (362) of the photoabsorption element (36) in the interior (11) of the attachment (1) is emitted , where she warms up the breeding body (8).
    [5]
    5. A method for heat treatment of the bee colonies according to one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that secondary heat energy (93), which is released from the active surface (361) of the photoabsorption element (36), from the outer member (33) upwards and / or from the thermal insulation film (35) back to the photo-absorbing element (36) is passed, whereby in the thermosolar wall (3) of the greenhouse effect arises.
    [6]
    6. A method for heat treatment of the bee colonies according to claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that primary heat energy (91) and secondary heat energy (93) act simultaneously and together, and thereby the temperature rises in the entire interior (11) of the article (1 ) and the brooder (8) is warmed up.
    [7]
    7. Apparatus for carrying out the heat treatment of the bee colonies to kill the bee parasites (20) in the interior (11) of the article (1) by converting the short-wave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave heat radiation, which is characterized in that the attachment (1) for forming the primary heat energy (91) or secondary heat energy (93) or for the simultaneous formation of both the primary thermal energy (91) and the secondary thermal energy (93), which is provided with either a ther-mosolar wall (3), with a photoabsorption element (36). , which has an active surface (361) and radiating surface (362), or is equipped with a laterally inserted transparent window (5), wherein in the interior (11) of the attachment (1) there is a thermosolar frame (7) which is provided with an active photoabsorption layer (72) located to the window (5), or the cap (1) is simultaneously equipped with thermos olive wall (3), comprising a photoabsorption element (36) having an active surface (361) and radiating surface (362) and a laterally arranged transparent window (5), wherein in the interior (11) of the attachment (1 ) is a thermosolares Rähmchen (7) is used, which is provided with a window (5) situated active photoabsorption layer (72).
    [8]
    8. A device for performing the heat treatment of the bee colonies according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the window (5) made of transparent outer element (51) and / or an inner element (52), wherein the transparent inner element (52) of the window ( 5) is attached a channel (6) for collecting the condensed liquid.
    [9]
    9. Apparatus for carrying out the heat treatment of the bee colonies according to one of claims 7 to 8, which is characterized in that thermosolares Rähmchen (7) in the interior (11) of the attachment (1) is guided in parallel with its front wall (12), namely such that between the thermosolar frame (7) and the inner part (52) of the window (5) a front chamber (111) of the rising stream of warm air is formed, and at the same time located above the upper end wall (73) and the lower end wall (74) of the thermosolar Rähmchens (7) a free space.
    [10]
    10. An apparatus for performing the heat treatment of the bee colonies according to one of claims 7 to 9, which is characterized in that the thermal-solar wall (3) consists of a frame (31) in the article (1) from the side and / or used as a ceiling part.
    [11]
    11. A device for carrying out the heat treatment of the bee colonies according to one of claims 7 to 10, which is characterized in that the thermal-solar wall (3) a transparent inner element (32), which at the photoabsorb 20/24 4 tion element (36) , and / or a transparent outer element (33), wherein between the outer element (33) and the photoabsorption element (36), a closed space (34) is formed.
    [12]
    12. An apparatus for performing the heat treatment of the bee colonies according to claim 11, which is characterized in that in the closed space (34) of the thermal solar wall (3) to enhance the greenhouse effect, a transparent heat-insulating film (35) is placed. Vienna, November 12, 2013 21/24
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CZ304594B6|2014-07-23|
    CZ2012775A3|2014-07-23|
    DE102013112250A1|2014-05-15|
    US20140134920A1|2014-05-15|
    CA2832408C|2017-07-04|
    DE102013112250B4|2019-08-22|
    US9363984B2|2016-06-14|
    CA2832408A1|2014-05-12|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CZ2012-775A|CZ304594B6|2012-11-12|2012-11-12|Method of thermal treatment of bee colonies and device for making the same|
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